A Short History of Philosophy

Features

• Cover Type: Paperback with 329 pages
• Published by: Oxford University Press, USA February 1, 1996
• Written in: English
• ISBN 10 Number: 0195101960
• ISBN 13 Number: 978-0195101966
• Book Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 1 inches
• Weighs: 1 pounds

From Library Journal
This book is really more of a survey of world philosophy and religion and a history of ideas, than a straightforward treatise on philosophy as a technical subject. Traditional Western philosophy and philosophers are well represented from ancient times to the present, but one also finds pertinent figures in, and discussions of, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The volume is strongest in its coverage of ancient, medieval, and Enlightenment thought, weakest in 20th-century thought. Written with authority (both authors are philosophy professors at the University of Texas, Austin), it is also engaging, with a conversational tone and a narrative line that draws the reader along. This is a fine overview of the subject that any interested reader will find rewarding.?Leon H. Brody, U.S. Office of Personnel Mgt. Lib., Washington, D.C.
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Review

"An audacious, incisive, and engaging history that breaks new ground in conveying so succinctly the extraordinary scope and depth of philosophical inquiries throughout the world. In so doing, it offers a welcome antidote to the many efforts to routinize, isolate, and constrict the study of philosophy or to dismiss it as outdated or irrelevant. Never dull, this volume will challenge, surprise, sometimes provoke readers and, throughout, invite them to argue, to try out new perspectives, to go back to the original sources, and thus to become more active participants in perennial philosophical debates that remain as indispensable as ever."--Dr. Sissela Bok, Distinguished Fellow, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, author of Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life and Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation


Reader Reviews
I had recently read the Norwegian novel "Sophie's World," which is a short history of philosophy thinly disguised as a novel. It's the same as dozens of histories of philosophy written in the first part of this century . . . or AS IF in the first part of this century. Under the pretense of "taking no position," it takes the position that all of Western philosophy from Plato onward remains alive today as current thought. I read "A Short History of Philosophy." with that peculiar joy one has in finding a book one would like to have written (which is no indication that one COULD have written it). Solomon and Higgins, who write with a single and masterful voice, have here painted a loving portrait of a long series of beliefs, the vast majority of which Solomon and Higgins probably do not share. They are able to convey the significance, at the time, of disputes that are now dead, and also the importance of appreciating those disputes now, not only in order to diagnose vestigial remains of them in current culture(s), and not only for the benefit of future thought, but for their own sake as beautiful, if abandoned, human creations. Most histories of philosophy present a series of philosophers as isolated individuals, one passing a torch neatly to the next. At most the reader is informed of the nationality of each. Solomon and Higgins correct for this by placing philosophers in their cultural and political contexts. But they do not go to the opposite extreme and make the mistake of thinking that philosophy does not in its turn have a great effect on the rest of culture. Similarly, they strike a good and sophisticated balance between emphasizing individuals and minimizing them as parts of general trends. More importantly - and this is an obvious reason why I could not have written this book, though I learned from other parts of it as well - the authors include non-Western (mostly Eastern) philosophy. They address what has been influential, but also what they hope will be more influential, drawing out elements of Western thought that they see as badly neglected, and pointing to non-Western notions that they see as good antidotes (or correctives, not places to rest but useful tools for change) to Western ones. The book points out both actual points of contact between historic cultures, and similarities between them regardless of any known influence. This is helped by the method of interweaving numerous stories as required by chronological order. But I should note that similarities are mentioned as an aid to understanding, not at all as an attempt to hint at any a-cultural "truth." Also helpful is the refusal to distinguish between religion and philosophy, and the consequent inclusion of a Short History of Religion scattered through the book. As the authors point out, the idea of such a distinction is a very recent one, and is thus not helpful in describing past traditions. Various thinkers not always labeled philosophers are included as well. There are some excellent passages on Montaigne. The Short History is written in ordinary American English loaded with turns of phrase the authors may themselves find questionable: "the very nature of," "objectivity," "subjectivism," "reality itself," "essential," "rationally," "irrationality." The origins and dubitability of many of these notions are discussed in the book (early comments on the expression "natural" set the tone), and yet elsewhere they are used as if we are all agreed upon their comprehensibility and usefulness. One can find on one page a good discussion of problems with the notion of rationality, and on another the word "irrationality" used without explanation to refer to the Nazi Holocaust. The book is thus, in a very broad sense, written, as Derrida would put it, "under erasure." Words are used because they are part of the language of the book's intended audience, despite the fact that the authors might prefer to abandon (or change the meaning of) those words. In only two cases do I find this troublesome. On the whole it seems to me both wise and unavoidable. The most troublesome case is the phrase "commonsense." Numerous discussions of the misuse and abuse of this phrase are here published together with numerous uses of it, some of them rather unhelpfully scare-quoted and others not. The other case that bothers me is a single instance of the phrase "from a philosophical point of view," in a work that seems largely devoted to opening up the question of what thing or things that has meant and can mean. In the preface Solomon and Higgins state their intention to "keep our own biases out of the text." But I credit them with near-recognition of the near-meaninglessness of that statement. The last sections of the book, dealing with the interaction of diverse cultures, point out the all-too-common danger of taking one's own point of view for an absence of bias. This book would offend a great many philosophy professors, especially in the English speaking world. Various beliefs are described as so absurd that the philosopher must have been joking. Other ideas are lamented for the damage they've done. I am not complaining. I share the authors' biases, and imagine that a great many other people do too. The book is excellently written, clear, rich, dense. A good bibliography is provided.